A mate who'd been freelancing for years told me to sit down and do the actual maths. Not vibes-based pricing. Real numbers. So I opened a spreadsheet and worked backwards from what I needed.
Annual costs: rent and bills (£14,400). Food and living (£6,000). Pension contributions, because nobody else is paying into one for you (£3,600). Software and tools (£1,800). Insurance (£600). Training and development (£1,000). Emergency fund contribution (£2,400). Tax set-aside at roughly 28% including NI. Total: about £42,000 before I'd saved a penny or had a holiday.
Then I counted my actual billable hours. Out of roughly 260 working days a year, subtract 25 for holidays, 5 for sick days, and about 50 for admin, marketing, invoicing, and the other stuff you don't bill for. That left me with 180 billable days, or about 1,260 hours if I worked 7 billable hours a day (and that's generous).
£42,000 ÷ 1,260 hours = £33.33 per hour. My £35 rate was barely above the minimum I needed to survive. No wonder I was stressed.